New Spyware Used by Sextortionists | iOS/Android Blackmail
With contributions from Diane Wee, Innovation Strategist at Lookout. Diane helped with the translation portion of this research.
The Lookout Threat Intelligence team has discovered a new mobile app threat targeting iOS and Android users in Chinese speaking countries, Korea and Japan. The spyware, which we have named Goontact, targets users of illicit sites, typically offering escort services, and steals personal information from their mobile device. The types of sites used to distribute these malicious apps and the information exfiltrated suggests that the ultimate goal is extortion or blackmail.
We found that Goontact, which often disguises itself as secure messaging applications, can exfiltrate a wide range of data, such as:
- Device identifiers and phone number.
- Contacts.
- SMS messages.
- Photos on external storage.
- Location information.
Tablets and smartphones are a treasure trove of personal data. These devices store private data, such as contacts, photos, messages and location. Access to all of this data enables cybercriminals like the operators of Goontact to run a successful extortion campaign.
Malicious functionality and impact
These sextortion scams are exploiting Chinese-, Japanese- and Korean-speaking people in multiple Asian countries. Evidence on distribution sites also suggests that this operation is functional in China, Japan, Korea, Thailand and Vietnam.
The scam begins when a potential target is lured to one of the hosted sites where they are invited to connect with women. Account IDs for secure messaging apps such as KakaoTalk or Telegram are advertised on these sites as the best forms of communication and the individual initiates a conversation.
In reality, the targets are communicating with Goontact operators. Targets are convinced to install (or sideload) a mobile application on some pretext, such as audio or video problems. The mobile applications in question appears to have no real user functionality, except to steal the victim’s address book, which is then used by the attacker ultimately to extort the target for monetary gain.
Potential attribution
We found that the websites associated with Goontact bear many similarities in naming convention, appearance and targeted geographic region. The sites also used logos associated with domains that were part of a sextortion campaign reported by Trend Micro in 2015.1
We believe this campaign is operated by a crime affiliate, rather than nation state actors. While we have yet to uncover any definitive infrastructure links, we believe it is highly probable that Goontact is the newest addition to this threat actor's arsenal. Most notably, the iOS component of this scam has not been reported on before.
Based on our research, the campaign has been active since at least 2013. However, the Goontact malware family is novel and is still actively being developed. The earliest sample of Goontact observed by Lookout was in November 2018, with matching APK packaging and signing dates, leading us to believe malware development likely started in this time frame.
Goontact iOS
Early samples of the iOS version of Goontact show the primary functionality is to steal a victim’s phone number and contact list. Later iterations incorporated functionality to communicate to a secondary command-and-control (C2) server and display a message to the user that has been tailored by the attacker, before exiting the app.
Signing identities
Goontact on iOS relies on the user side-loading an IPA file from a distribution site. These sites contained links to a distribution manifest, which provides a download URL for the IPA. To successfully do this, Goontact abuses the Apple enterprise provisioning system.
To be distributed outside the App Store, an IPA file must contain a mobile provisioning profile with an enterprise certificate. These enterprise certificates can be generated from the Apple Developer console and can then be used to code sign apps using a signing identity tied to the company’s developer profile or TeamID. The operators of Goontact were able to obtain enterprise certificates apparently associated with legitimate businesses to sign their malware which was then distributed on sites mimicking App Store pages.
The Apple Developer Enterprise program is intended to permit organizations to distribute proprietary, in-house apps to their employees without needing to use the iOS App Store. A business can obtain access to this program only provided they meet requirements set out by Apple.
This is a similar tactic used by other iOS threats we have observed such as eSurvAgent. It requires the user to download the app through a browser, install it, navigate to their Settings app and then explicitly trust the signing identity used to sign the IPA file. Only after a verification process of the signing identity with Apple’s servers, is the app able to run on an iOS device.
The enterprise mobile provisioning profiles used by Goontact all reference apparently legitimate companies. The list, as shown below, includes companies registered in China and in the United States across various sectors such as power generation companies, credit unions, and railroad companies.
Most of the companies observed either have current or past developer profiles and applications on the iOS App Store. However, It is still unclear to us whether these signing identities have truly been compromised, or if they were created by the malware operators masquerading as representatives of the companies in question.
During our research we observed multiple signing identities being revoked. In those cases, new malware samples using a new identity immediately appeared on the distribution sites. We sometimes observed this occurring multiple times a month, indicating the actors behind Goontact have little difficulty acquiring access to additional accounts.
Goontact Android
The Android component of Goontact is much more feature-rich. In addition to contact stealing, these samples contain more advanced functionality such as exfiltration of SMS messages, photos and location.
Infrastructure
Most command-and-control (C2) domains leveraged by Goontact are sites also hosting the iOS variant of the malware. Almost all active malware C2s have login panels on non-standard ports such as 8085 and 9905.
The path component of the C2 URL in current samples commonly includes “/JYSystem/” on both iOS and Android, which is a reference to an open source HTML template available on Github.2 After exploring the infrastructure during our research, we discovered dozens of active sites with the same patterns hosting numerous IPA files. A number of them are listed in our screenshot below but new domains are registered daily. These domains were linked to each other using shared IP addresses and SSL certificates.
Lure sites are middleman sites that offer the option of setting up dates and chats with women after paying a session fee. Recent lure sites include links to the malicious applications and provide detailed installation instructions to the victims. The malicious APK files have been observed to be hosted on the lure sites, but the IPA files are all hosted on separate distribution sites as described above.
While the Goontact surveillance apps described in this campaign are not available on Google Play or the iOS App Store, the duration, breadth and tactics exhibited highlight the lengths malicious actors will go to deceive victims and bypass built-in protections. Lookout secures consumers and enterprise users from Goontact. On Android, all Lookout users are protected, whereas on iOS, Lookout for Work users and Lookout Premium Plus subscribers are protected.
Lookout Threat Advisory Services customers have already been notified with additional intelligence on this and other threats. Take a look at our Threat Advisory Services page to learn more.
Indicators of Compromise
Domains
redvios[.]com
v-talk[.]top
v-talk[.]vip
ladysizi[.]top
mmbox[.]top
oncamera[.]top
oncast[.]top
mimibox[.]top
voicecontrol[.]top
signaltalk[.]top
oncamera[.]vip
dalbam[.]vip
mimimsg[.]net
signal-live[.]vip
tele-gram[.]vip
vtalk[.]vip
a-video[.]vip
livetalk[.]vip
livetalk[.]top
download-file[.]top
grd77[.]cn
mimicwt[.]net
super-voice[.]vip
mimi18s[.]top
momomsg[.]top
live-live[.]vip
zerobyte[.]top
zerobt[.]net
w-video[.]vip
ser-chat[.]com
tocast[.]vip
videosound[.]vip
twi-tter[.]vip
my-player[.]vip
voicesupport[.]vip
Authors
Apurva Kumar
Apurva Kumar was a Security Intelligence Engineer at Lookout between 2017 and 2021.
Justin Albrecht
Justin Albrecht is the Global Director of Mobile Threat Intelligence. He works with his team to uncover new mobile threats, track actors and targets, and provide accurate research and reporting on these issues. Justin has over 20 years of experience tracking cyber threat actors, terrorists, and intelligence activities in both the intelligence community, and more recently as a member of Lookout’s Threat Intelligence Team.
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